Secondary storage

Secondary Storage

FILE COMPRESSION

File compression is a system that lets Web users reduced the overall number of bits and bytes in a file so that it can be transmitted at a faster speed on a limited broadband. .Programs such as WinZip or WinRar can be used to decompress the file back to its original size. The decompressed file is usually identical to the original file, before it was compressed.

HEAD CRASH

A head crash is the hard-disk malfunction that occurs when the read-write head of a hard disk drive, which normally hovers a few microinches from its rotating platter, gets in contact with it, which will result in permanent and usually fatal damage to the magnetic media on the platter surface. It can also happen when dust or debris accumulates on the surface of the platter.

INTERNET HARD DRIVE

Internet hard drives enable the users to backup their files on the Internet through many backup servies available.Backing up files on the Internet may take a long time, as it depends on the speed of the internet. Likewise, uploading your file back on the computer may also take a long time. However, what internet hard drive offers is the freedom to retrieve any document you need from anywhere in the world.

OPTICAL DISK DRIVE

The optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive which uses low-powered laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum to read or write data to or from optical discks. Optical disc drivs are circular, flat, glass or plast disk in which data can be stored in the form of light and dark pits.  It has mostly replaced magnetic tape drives and floppy disk drives because of the low cost of optical media and the near-ubiquity of optical drives in computers and consumer entertainment hardware.


SOLID-STATE STORAGE

A solid-state storage is a type of nonvolatile, removable data storage device which uses solid-state memory to keep persistent data. It is distinguished from traditional hard disk drives, which are electromechanical devices containing spinning disks and movable read/write heads since solid-state storage does not contains any mechanical parts.

Input and output

Ergonomic keyboard

Its a keyboard that is design to minimize the muscle strain and solve the problems related to wrist ulnar deviation Mostly is at hand deformity, seen in chronic rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints causes the fingers to become displaced to the ulnar side.






Ink-jet printer

Ink-jet printer is a highly equipt printer that have more better quality of image that is printed.Have the ability to produce precise and sharp image quality and they're great for printing documents and spreadsheets. Inkjet Printers with capabilities that make them ideal for either personal or professional use. Enhancements like network connectivity options, elevated dpi, integrated memory and memory card slots among others have made Inkjets Printers extremely relevant in the discussion of today's innovative printers. For instance like canon,epson,hp and etc..

Laser printer.

The type of printer that utilize laser beams to produce image on a drum.It is the high quality of their print and their relatively low running costs.Output quality has improved, with 600 dpi (resouluton of image produce by printers) resolution becoming more standard, and build has become smaller, making them more suited to home use.







Magnetic-ink character recognition(MICR)

It is a common machine language specification for the paper-based payment transfer system.Well it is a character recognition technology adopted mainly by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. In addition to their unique fonts, MICR characters are printed with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide.







Optical-character recognition (OCR)

The electronic identification and digital encoding of printed or handwritten characters by means of an optical scanner and specialized software.It will do the scanning and comparison technique intended to identify printed text or numerical data. It avoids the need to retype already printed material for data entry

Optical-mark recognition.

It is basicly a type of machine that is specialized more in optical character recognition.It refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading a simple text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate it.This requires the image to have high contrast and an easily-recognizable or irrelevant shape. OMR technology scans a printed form and reads predefined positions and records where marks are made on the form. This technology is useful for applications in which large numbers of hand-filled forms need to be processed quickly and with great accuracy, such as surveys, reply cards, questionnaires and ballots.

 

The system unit

FLASH MEMORY

Its a type of erasible electrically programmeble read only-memory (EEPROM).A common use of flash memory is to store the BIOS settings in a computer's ROM. When the BIOS needs to be changed, the flash memory can be written in blocks, rather than bytes, making it easy to update. Most modems use flash memory for the same reason.Though flash memory was orginally used inside computers, it has invaded many other areas outside the box. Flash memory cards used for digital cameras, cellular phones, networking hardware, and PC cards. Though the memory's read/write speed is not lightning fast, it is nice to be able to tote around a little card rather than a cumbersome hard drive.

GRAPHIC CARDS

A graphics card or video card is a component of a computer which is designed to convert a logical representation of an image stored in memory to a signal that can be used as input for a display medium, most often a monitor utilising a variety of display standard.









SOUND CARDS

The sound card is a component inside the computer that provides audio input and outputcapabilities. Most sound cards have at least one analog line input and one stereo line output connection. The connectors are typically 3.5 mm minijacks, which are the size most headphones use. Some sound cards also support digital audio input and output, either through a standard TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) connection or via an optical audio port, such as Toslink connector.





NETWORK INTERFACE CARD ( NIC)

Short for Network Interface Card, a NIC is also commonly referred to as a network adapter and is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network such as a home network or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with a RJ-45 connector. To the right is a graphic example of an SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI network card, a network card commonly found in most desktop computers today that do not already have an integrated network on their motherboard



PLUG & PLAY

Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated PnP, is a catchy phrase used to describe devices that work with a computer system as soon as they are connected. The user does not have to manually install drivers for the device or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device.





BUS LINE

While the wheels on the bus may go "round and round," data on a computer's bus goes up and down. Each bus inside a computer consists of set of wires that allow data to be passed back and forth. Most computers have several buses that transmit data to different parts of the machine. Each bus has a certain size, measured in bits (such as 32-bit or 64-bit), that determines how much data can travel across the bus at one time. Buses also have a certain speed, measured in megahertz, which determines how fast the data can travel.The computer's primary bus is called the frontside bus and connects the CPU to the rest of the components on the motherboard. Expansion buses, such as PCI and AGP, allow data to move to and from expansion cards, including video cards and other I/O devices. While there are several buses inside a computer, the speed of the frontside bus is the most important, as it determines how fast data can move in and out of the processor


HDMI

(High-Definition Multimedia Interface) A digital interface for both audio and video signals designed as a small-socket, single-cable solution for home theater and consumer electronics equipment. Introduced in 2002, HDMI is electrically identical to DVI, which is video only, and an HDMI source can detect a DVI device on the other end and switch to the DVI protocol. In the photo below, the 19-pin HDMI plug (left) is much smaller than the 19-pin DVI video-only plug, yet HDMI also supports up to eight channels of 24-bit uncompressed audio at 192kHz.






CACHE MEMORY

The cache is a small amount of high-speed memory, usually with a memory cycle time comparable to the time required by the CPU to fetch one instruction. The cache is usually filled from main memory when instructions or data are fetched into the CPU. Often the main memory will supply a wider data word to the cache than the CPU requires, to fill the cache more rapidly. The amount of information which is replaces at one time in the cache is called the line size for the cache. This is normally the width of the data bus between the cache memory and the main memory. A wide line size for the cache means that several instruction or data words are loaded into the cache at one time, providing a kind of prefetching for instructions or data. Since the cache is small, the effectiveness of the cache relies on the following properties of most programs:

Specialized Application Software

Audio Editing Software

Its a software that lets you record and edit music , voice and other audio recordings.You can cut copy and paste new sound ,effects or noise reduction.












Bitmap Image.

Is the one of many types of file formates for images store ina computerized form.It carries the extensions .BMP Computers use bits 1 and 0 to store data.A bitmap is literally a map of bits that form a particular picture when rendered to a display computer menu.














Desktop Publishing Program

The use of the computer and specialized software to create documents for desktop or commercial printing.

Basic Application Software

Graphical User Interface(GUI)\

Is a human computer interface its a way of human interact with computers that uses windows,icons.and menus which can be manipulated by a mouse (and often to a limited extent by a leyboard aswell )It is a sharp contrastto command the line interfaces(CLIs) which only use text and solely by a keyboard.







Word Processor

Using a computer to edit , create and print documents .Of all computer applications, word processing is the most common.To perform this you need a computer and a special program called a word processor and a printer.A word processor enables you to create a document and store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen ,modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard ,and print out on the printer.



Spreadsheet

A table of values arrange in rows and columns.Each value can have a predefined value from other value.Spreadsheets application are computer programs that let u manipukate spreadsheets electronically. In the application ,each value sits in a cell how cells depends on different cells.The relationships between cells are called,formulas and the names of the cells are called labels.





Database Mangament System(DBMS)

It is a suite of software applications that is possible  for people or business to store ,modify and extract information from the database.For example like the ATM ,when u make flight reservations,even in the library when you borrow books.One of the main function of the database managment system is it is doing all the hevay lifting for you.:)








Utility Suites

This software is the kind of software that is designes to help analyze,configure and maintain your computer.Uts contrated with application softwares which allows users to do things like creating documents ,playing games ,listening to music or surfing the web.The software focuses on how the computer infrastructure(including the computer hardware,operating system ,application softwarae and data storage.

The Internet, The Web and Electronic Commerce

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is a simple programming language that is often used to make the web pages more interesting. It was used to be called LiveScript, but was later changed to JavaScript as part of a marketing contract between Netscape and Sun. Although many think so, Java and JavaScript are actually two very different programs. .

APPLETS

An applet is a small application that is written in a script language called Java. It is a program that can work on its own or through other applications. Standalone applets are usually small in size and call only perform a small set of task. Some examples are the Windows NotePad and Microsoft Paint.

FILTERS

Filters are programs whose purpose is to block selected web sites, set time limits per use, monitor web page viewed on a certain computer or network, and create reports on use. In the case of internet safety among the younger audience, filters can help parents limit communication between their kids and other internet users, as well as the amount of time their kids can use the computer. Other than websites, filters can also block downloads and warn and block users from suspicious websites that could be fraudulent.


PLUG-INS

Plug-ins is a type of software components that enable specific tasks in a certain software program. It is commonly used in web browsers to play video, games, and other features. It can easily be installed and used as part of the browser as a plug-in application is recognized automatically by the browser and its function is integrated into the main HTML file that is being presented. Some of its advantages is that it minimize the size of the application, and enable third-party developers to create components to enhance a certain feature of the web browser.


INTERNET SECURITY SUITE

Internet security suite is a software that can be installed into a computer to protect it from various threats that could damage the internal data of the computer. It is usually packed with different kinds of security system like personal firewall, anti-spam, anti-pishing, parental controls, anti-virus and anti-spyware. It is affective in fighthing against virus, spyware, adware or keyloggers.





FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

FTP or also known as File Transfer Protocol is an internet service which is used to upload and download files to be transferred between computers on a network, using TCP/IP protocols. It can be used to exchange files between different computer accounts, or even access online software archives. FTP can be used with a simple command line interface (for example, from the Windows MS-DOS Prompt window) or with a commercial program that offers a graphical user interface.


WIKI

Wikis are web pages that allow different users to contribute to the content of the page in addition to content itself through writing or editing. Wiki usually supports hyperlinks and simple text. Allowing everyday users to create and edit any page in a Web site is exciting in that it encourages democratic use of the Web and promotes content composition by nontechnical users. An example of Wiki pages are Wikipedia. A wiki farm is a collection of individual wikis, usually hosted by the same website.  The word wiki originated from Hawaiian bearing the meaning "fast".


URL

URLs, or Uniform Resource Locators, are the specific addresses for the location of a resource that enables browsers to connect you to the resource page. The first part of the URL, which is the "http" is called a protocol identifier, which indicates what protocol to use. The second part of the URL, which is the address of the resource is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the source is located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes (://).

careers in IT

Webmaster.

A webmaster basicly the person who improves the performance of the website.His job discription also includes optimizing the website and analyzing the speed of the website. To do so he calculates the time needed for the webpage to load on the user's web browsers.The webmaster job description also requires him to monitor the uptime of the website, so that the availability of the server is as close to 100% as possible.In other definition of webmaster is someone who maintains the website.They must have the knowledge of good command and programming languange.The job description of a webmaster is they should be able to work as a database administrator and manage any database for the company and also requires him to be able to register domain names of the websites for its clients.


Computer Support Specialist.



 Help people use computers. When something goes wrong, support specialists figure out why. Then, 
they try to fix it. Responsible for providing technical assistance and many forms of computer-related
 support to a wide variety of potential customers, clients, and employers.

Technical Writer.

The technical writer is responsible for editing and writing technical documentation for the organizations products.This people must have excellent research skills . must be able to organize their ideas and be able to translate technical terms into text that only reader can understands.










Software engineer.

A software engineer is the person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design,development,testing , and evaluation of the software  and systems that make computers or anything containing software, such as chips, work.
A person who designs and programs system-level software, such as operating systems, database management systems (DBMSs) and embedded systems. The title is often used for programmers in the software industry who create commercial software packages, whether they be system level or application level. "Software engineer," "systems programmer" and "systems engineer" titles are often synonymous.




Network Administrator.

1. Network administration is an arduous task. The administrator's responsibilities often involve many different aspects and may include such tasks as network design, management, troubleshooting, backup and storage, documentation, security and virus prevention as well as managing users.
2. A network administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment. A related role is that of the network specialist, or network analyst, who concentrates on network design and security.

Data Administrator.

A person who coordinates activities within the data administration department. Also called a "database analyst." 




























System analysis.

The person responsible for the development of an information system. Systems analysts design and modify systems by turning user requirements into a set of functional specifications, which are the blueprint of the system. They design the database or help design it if data administrators are available. They develop the manual and machine procedures and the detailed processing specifications for each data entry, update, query and report program in the system.














Programmer.

A programmer, computer programmer or coder is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst. A programmer's primary computer language (C, C++, JAVA etc.) is often prefixed to the above titles, and those who work in a web environment often prefix their titles with web. The term programmer can be used to refer to a software developer, software engineer , compuer scientist or software analyst.